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1 تعليقات
Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) have been influential in the
ردحذفdevelopment of trade groups on various continents. Similarly, the
International Public Relations Association (IPRA), founded in 1949, has
promoted ethical, professional, and educational standards worldwide.
For instance, the IPRA Code of Conduct was adopted in 2011 by consoli dating the 1961 Code of Venice, the 1965 Code of Athens, and the 2007
Code of Brussels, and provides global intellectual leadership for the
public relations profession.
International and national associations rely on a clearinghouse organi zation to share common interests, concerns, and issues facing the indus try. Established by 23 professional organizations at a meeting that followed
the 2000 World Public Relations Congress (PRSA and IPRA were the
cosponsors) in Chicago, the Global Alliance for Public Relations and
Communication Management (GA) unites and represents national pro fessional associations and offers knowledge and programs to help with
their development. As a clearinghouse organization, the GA works to set
standards for the practice and provide venues and channels for increasing
interactions among global professionals. The GA’s core offering is that it
allows member associations and institutional members to share resources
and achieve greater unity by building constructive relationships.
Strategic Communications Hubs
The business of global and multicultural public relations has historically
been concentrated in four major world hubs: France (Paris), Japan
(Tokyo), the United Kingdom (London), and the United States (New
York City). Singapore has emerged as a strategic hub of the South East
Asian region. In the same geographical order, the five conglomerates that
lead the strategic communications industry today are: Publicis Groupe
and Havas (France), Dentsu (Japan), WPP (UK), and Omnicom Group
and Interpublic Group (USA).3
Omnicom and Publicis announced their
potential merger in 2013 and again in 2018. We should expect mergers,
associations, and the emergence of new conglomerates and agencies in
an ever‐changing global environment.
In particular, WPP has a group of public relations and public affairs
agencies with a great global reach, such as Hill + Knowlton, Ogilvy Public
Relations Worldwide, Burson Cohn & Wolfe, and Specialist Public
Relations. Edelman Public Relations Worldwide is the biggest global
independent agency and not a part of any strategic communication con glomerate. In addition, at least four networks of independent agencies
assist organizations in coordinating public relations and communica tions practices in a matrix of world locations: Iprex, Pinnacle Worldwide,
Public Relations Global Network, and Worldcom. Organizations